Surgery is chosen when haemorrhoids are high-grade or do not respond to conservative treatment. It includes classic haemorrhoidectomy and non-excisional techniques (ligation, fixation), with a choice individualised to the grade and symptoms.
What does it involve?
Hemorrhoid surgery removes or inactivates the affected haemorrhoidal tissue. Depending on the grade and symptoms, either excisional or non-excisional techniques are used.
When is it needed?
It is indicated for grade III–IV haemorrhoids, persistent bleeding or prolapse, and when conservative/office treatment has failed. Another cause of bleeding is always excluded first.
Preparation
A proctological assessment is done and, where indicated by age or symptoms, an endoscopic check to exclude other pathology. A short preparation and choice of anaesthesia follow.
How it's done
The technique is individualised: from rubber-band ligation for selected grades, to haemorrhoidectomy or fixation techniques for advanced disease. The aim is definitive relief in the gentlest possible way.
Band ligation
A non-excisional technique for selected grades — quick, with minimal discomfort.
Haemorrhoidectomy
The classic excision for advanced disease — a definitive result, with a few days' recovery.
Fixation techniques
Methods that reduce prolapse with less post-operative pain in selected cases.
Recovery
Many techniques are done as day cases. After a haemorrhoidectomy there is discomfort for a few days, managed with analgesia, local care and stool regulation.
Risks & outcomes
Outcomes are very good with the right choice of technique. Possible complications: pain, mild bleeding, transient difficulty with bowel movements; serious complications are rare.
Frequently asked questions
Do I definitely need surgery?
Not always. Many haemorrhoids are treated conservatively or with gentle office techniques. Surgery is chosen for advanced disease or when other measures fail.
Is a haemorrhoidectomy very painful?
There is discomfort for a few days, controlled with analgesia, local care and soft stools. Non-excisional techniques cause even less pain.
Will I need to stay in hospital?
Many techniques are done as day cases with return home the same day.
Can they come back?
With the right technique and better habits (fibre, hydration, avoiding straining) recurrence is less likely.