A splenectomy is the removal of the spleen, done chiefly laparoscopically. Because the spleen contributes to the body's defences, vaccination before surgery and lifelong precautions against certain infections are required.
What is a splenectomy?
It is the surgical removal of the spleen. In selected cases a partial splenectomy is used to preserve immune function.
When is it needed?
It is indicated for haematological conditions (e.g. ITP, spherocytosis), trauma with uncontrolled bleeding, large splenomegaly, cysts or tumours of the spleen.
Preparation
For planned operations, vaccination against encapsulated organisms (pneumococcus, meningococcus, Haemophilus) in good time beforehand is essential. Imaging and a pre-operative work-up precede it.
How it's done
Laparoscopically, the spleen is mobilised, the hilar vessels are ligated and the spleen is removed. For massive splenomegaly or trauma, an open approach may be needed.
Laparoscopic
The preferred technique: small incisions, less pain, faster recovery.
Open
For massive splenomegaly or trauma, when it serves safety.
Partial splenectomy
In selected cases, to preserve part of the immune function.
Recovery
With the laparoscopic approach, discharge is in 1–3 days. Lifelong education follows on preventing and promptly treating infections (patient card, vaccinations, fever guidance).
Risks & outcomes
A safe operation in specialist hands. The main long-term risk is increased susceptibility to serious infection (OPSI), which is why vaccination/precautions are crucial. Others: bleeding, thrombosis.
Frequently asked questions
Why do I need vaccines before surgery?
The spleen helps defend against certain bacteria. Vaccination before splenectomy reduces the risk of serious infections afterwards.
Can I live without a spleen?
Yes. Other organs take over some of its functions. However, care with infections is needed, with vaccinations and prompt treatment of fever.
Is it done laparoscopically?
Yes, chiefly. The open approach is chosen for a very large spleen or trauma.
What is OPSI?
It is a rare but serious infection after splenectomy. It is prevented with vaccinations, education and prompt medical assessment for fever.