Umbilical hernia repair reduces the contents and closes the defect at the navel. Small defects are closed with a suture; larger or recurrent ones use a mesh. Recovery is rapid.
What is the operation?
It is the repair of an umbilical hernia — the protrusion of tissue through a weak point of the wall at the navel. The contents are reduced and the defect is closed, in a way that depends on its size.
In adults the hernia does not resolve spontaneously and tends to enlarge, as intra-abdominal pressure gradually widens the defect. Surgical repair is the definitive solution and prevents strangulation.
When is it needed?
It is indicated for a symptomatic or enlarging umbilical hernia. Strangulation (an irreducible, painful hernia) is urgent. Factors such as obesity, ascites or multiple pregnancies raise the risk and recurrence.
For very small, asymptomatic hernias watchful waiting may be discussed; however, even small defects carry a risk of trapping fat or bowel, so timely repair is usually preferred.
Preparation
Diagnosis is clinical; ultrasound or CT are used for large, multiple or unclear defects to map the wall.
Addressing aggravating factors (body weight, constipation, chronic cough) before surgery is advised, as it substantially lowers the recurrence risk.
How it's done
Through a small incision near the navel, the contents are reduced and the defect closed. Very small defects are closed by suture, while larger or recurrent ones use a mesh (often preperitoneal/retromuscular), which substantially reduces recurrence.
For large, multiple or recurrent hernias a laparoscopic/robotic approach is preferred, placing mesh through small incisions with less tissue disruption.
Suture
Direct closure of the small defect with sutures — simple, with rapid recovery.
Mesh
Reinforcement with mesh for larger or recurrent defects — lower recurrence.
Laparoscopic
For large or multiple hernias — repair through small incisions.
Recovery
Usually a day case. Light activity returns within a few days and lifting gradually over 2–4 weeks.
Mild swelling or firmness at the navel is common in the first weeks and settles; graded return advice is given according to the defect size.
Risks & outcomes
A low-risk operation. Possible, usually mild: seroma, haematoma, infection, recurrence.
Recurrence is lower with mesh in suitable defects and with control of aggravating factors. "Success" means a durable repair without recurrence.
Frequently asked questions
Will I need mesh?
It depends on the size. Small defects are closed with a suture; for larger ones, mesh significantly reduces recurrence.
Will it resolve without surgery?
In adults, no — an umbilical hernia does not close on its own. Surgery is advised when it is symptomatic or enlarging.
When can I return to lifting?
Light activity within a few days, lifting usually in 2–4 weeks.
Will I stay in hospital?
Most repairs are done as day cases.